Equine Reproductive Procedures*

The book covers topics related to the reproductive management of horses, including diagnostic techniques and therapeutic procedures for stallions, mares, and foals. Procedures highlighted in the book are supported with clear descriptions and photographs. Readers will also find a list of required supplies for the procedure and a reference list.

• Provides step-by-step descriptions of techniques related to equine theriogenology
• Serves as a valuable practice tool
• Offers 39 new techniques not found in the first edition
• Includes key updates to existing techniques

Those studying equine reproduction and specialists in theriogenology will find this an essential ‘how-to’ guide for their practice library.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Reproductive Evaluation of the Mare Patrick M. McCue 2 Teasing Patrick M. McCue 3 Tail Wrap and Preparation/Washing of the Perineum John J. Dascanio 4 Placement of a Tail Rope John J. Dascanio 5 Perineal Conformation Evaluation John J. Dascanio 6 Removal of a Persistent Hymen John J. Dascanio 7 Palpation of the Reproductive Tract of the Non-Pregnant Mare Patrick M. McCue 8 Ultrasound Evaluation of the Non-Pregnant Mare Patrick M. McCue 9 Prediction of Ovulation Patrick M. McCue 10 Speculum Examination of the Vagina John J. Dascanio 11 Digital Examination of the Vagina/Cervix Sofie Sitters 12 Uterine Culture Collection: Swab/Brush John J. Dascanio 13 Antimicrobiotic Sensitivity Testing Jillian Bishop and Patrick M. McCue 14 Microbiology: Microbial Culture Patrick M. McCue and Jillian Bishop 15 Microbiology: Gram Stain Jillian Bishop and Patrick M. McCue 16 qPCR Assay for the Diagnosis of Infectious Endometritis Ryan A. Ferris and Patrick M. McCue 17 Uterine Cytology Collection: Swab/Brush John J. Dascanio and Ryan A. Ferris 18 Uterine Culture/Cytology: Low Volume Lavage John J. Dascanio 19 Endometrial Biopsy Patrick M. McCue 20 Hysteroscopic Examination of the Uterus Patrick M. McCue 21 Endometrial Cyst Removal John J. Dascanio 22 Chromosomal Analysis Terje Raudsepp 23 Endocrinological Examination of the Mare Patrick M. McCue 24 Laparoscopic Examination of the Uterus and Ovaries Dean A. Hendrickson 25 Evaluation of the Mammary Gland Patrick M. McCue 26 Antisperm Antibody Testing Patrick M. McCue 27 Starch Granule Test for the Evaluation of Oviductal Patency Sofie Sitters and John J. Dascanio 28 Fluorescent Microspheres Test for Evaluation of Oviductal Patency Sofie Sitters and John J. Dascanio 29 Oviductal Flush Procedure for the Evaluation of Oviductal Patency Sofie Sitters and Patrick M. McCue 30 Prostaglandin E2 Treatment for Blocked Oviducts Patrick M. McCue, Sofie Sitters and Charles F. Scoggin 31 Prostaglandin E1 Treatment for Blocked Oviducts Patrick M. McCue and Charles F. Scoggin 32 Hysterocoscopic Hydrotubation of the Oviducts Charles F. Scoggin 33 Transvaginal Ovarian Biopsy Claire E. Card 34 Uterine Lavage John J. Dascanio 35 Uterine Infusion John J. Dascanio 36 Therapeutics for Infectious Endometritis Ryan A. Ferris 37 Bacterial Biofilm and Endometritis Ryan A. Ferris 38 Latent Uterine Bacterial Infections. Morten Rønn Petersen and Anders Miki Bojesen 39 Acupuncture in Mare Reproduction Kristina Lu and Lauren Javernick 40 Restraint for Breeding John J. Dascanio 41 Natural Service: Pasture Breeding Patrick M. McCue 42 Natural Service: In-hand Breeding Charles F. Scoggin 43 Breeding Stitches Charles F. Scoggin 44 Reinforcement Breeding Charles F. Scoggin 45 Breeding with Fresh or Cooled Semen John J. Dascanio and Patrick M. McCue 46 Insemination Through a Vaginal Speculum Patrick M. McCue 47 Breeding with Frozen Semen John J. Dascanio 48 Deep Horn Insemination John J. Dascanio 49 Hysteroscopic (Low Dose) Insemination Patrick M. McCue 50 Transvaginal oocyte pickup (OPU) Jennifer N. Hatzel 51 Packaging and Transport of Oocytes Jennifer N. Hatzel 52 Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Jennifer N. Hatzel and JoAnne Stokes 53 Caslick Operation or Vulvoplasty John J. Dascanio 54 Contagious Equine Metritis Testing John J. Dascanio 55 Management of Seasonal Anestrus: Artificial Photoperiod Patrick M. McCue 56 Management of Seasonal Anestrus: Hormone Therapy Patrick M. McCue 57 Hormone Therapy in Cycling Mares Patrick M. McCue 58 Estrus Suppression Patrick M. McCue 59 Intra-uterine Devices for Estrus Suppression Carlos M. Gradil 60 Immunocontraception Patrick M. McCue 61 Harvesting and Shipping Ovaries for Oocyte Recovery Patrick M. McCue 62 Embryo Collection Patrick M. McCue 63 Embryo Evaluation Patrick M. McCue 64 Embryo Biopsy Patrick M. McCue 65 Embryo Packaging for Cooled Transport Patrick M. McCue 66 Embryo Cryopreservation Patrick M. McCue 67 Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer Patrick M. McCue 68 Autogenous Transfer of ICSI Derived Embryos Jennifer N. Hatzel 69 Palpation of the Pregnant Mare Per Rectum Sofie Sitters 70 Ultrasound Examination of the Pregnant Mare Patrick M. McCue 71 Speculum Examination of the Pregnant Mare Sofie Sitters 72 Determination of Equine Fetal Sex 55 – 200 days Richard D. Holder 73 Assessment of Late Term Fetal Well-being John J. Dascanio 74 Combined Thickness of the Uterus and Placenta Patrick M. McCue 75 Placentitis – Diagnosis and Treatment Justin W. McNaughten and Margo L. Macpherson 76 Doppler Ultrasonography John J. Dascanio 77 Prediction of Fetal Age John J. Dascanio 78 Twin Reduction: Manual Technique John J. Dascanio 79 Twin Reduction: Transvaginal Aspiration John J. Dascanio 80 Twin Reduction: Cranio-Cervical Dislocation Karen Wolfsdorf 81 Twin Reduction: Thoracic Compression Patrick M. McCue 82 Twin Reduction: Transabdominal Fetal Cardiac Puncture John J. Dascanio 83 Elective Termination of Pregnancy John J. Dascanio 84 Abortion Diagnostic Evaluation: Sample Collection in the Field and Submission Julie T. Cecere and John J. Dascanio 85 Endocrine Evaluation of Pregnancy Patrick M. McCue 86 Treatment of Vaginal Varicosities John J. Dascanio 87 Manual Correction of Uterine Torsion John J. Dascanio 88 Preparation of the Mare for Foaling John J. Dascanio 89 Assessment of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling John J. Dascanio 90 Assessment of pH of Mammary Gland Secretions to Predict Foaling Patrick M. McCue 91 Monitoring of Peri-Parturient Mares Using Video and Web Cameras Ryan A. Ferris 92 Foaling Alert: Vulvar Device John J. Dascanio 93 Positional Labor Alert Devices Ryan A. Ferris 94 Induction of Parturition John J. Dascanio 95 Normal Foaling John J. Dascanio 96 Premature Separation of the Placenta Patrick M. McCue 97 Dystocia Management Patrick M. McCue and Sofie Sitters 98 Dystocia Correction John J. Dascanio 99 Fetotomy John J. Dascanio 100 Epidural John J. Dascanio 101 Induction of Lactation to Create a Nurse Mare Pouya Dini and Peter F. Daels 102 Screening the Pregnant Mare to Prevent Neonatal Isoerythrolysis Patrick M. McCue 103 Evaluation of Colostrum Specific Gravity Patrick M. McCue 104 Evaluation of Colostrum Quality: Brix Refractometry Patrick M. McCue 105 Colostrum Banking Patrick M. McCue 106 Obtaining Milk from the Mare John J. Dascanio 107 Placental Evaluation Patrick M. McCue 108 Removal of Retained Placenta John J. Dascanio 109 Abdominocentesis in the Postpartum Mare John J. Dascanio 110 Uterine Prolapse Treatment John J. Dascanio 111 Buhner Needle Placement of a Perivulvar Suture John J. Dascanio 112 Breeding Soundness Evaluation Patrick M. McCue 113 Training of a Stallion to Use a Phantom John J. Dascanio 114 Missouri Artificial Vagina John J. Dascanio and Lynda M.J. Miller 115 Colorado Model Artificial Vagina Patrick M. McCue 116 Roanoke Artificial Vagina John J. Dascanio 117 Hannover Artificial Vagina Sofie Sitters 118 Teaser Stallions Charles F. Scoggin 119 Standing Semen Collection John J. Dascanio 120 Collection of Semen using an Open-Ended Artificial Vagina Patrick M. McCue 121 Chemical Ejaculation Patrick M. McCue 122 Preparation of a Jump Mare or a Mare for Natural Cover John J. Dascanio 123 Washing the Penis John J. Dascanio 124 Evaluation of Sexual Behavior in the Stallion John J. Dascanio Sue M. McDonnell 125 Enhancement of Sexual Interest and Response in Stallions Sue M. McDonnell 126 Management of Ejaculation Difficulty in Stallions Sue M. McDonnell 127 Calibrated Spectrophotometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration John J. Dascanio 128 Hemocytometer Evaluation of Sperm Concentration John J. Dascanio 129 NucleoCounter® Evaluation of Sperm Concentration and Viability Patrick M. McCue 130 Visual Evaluation of Sperm Motility Patrick M. McCue 131 Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis John J. Dascanio and Lynda M. J. Miller 132 Eosin-Nigrosin Staining in the Evaluation of Sperm Julie T. Cecere 133 Evaluation of Sperm Morphology Leonardo Brito 134 Determination of Daily Sperm Output Patrick M. McCue 135 Measurement of Testicular Size and Estimation of Daily Sperm Output Patrick M. McCue 136 Wet Mount Evaluation of Sperm John J. Dascanio 137 Diff-Quik Evaluation of Round Cells and Sperm John J. Dascanio and Lynda M. J. Miller 138 Electron Microscopy of Constituents of Seminal Ejaculates D. N. Rao Veeramachaneni, BVSc, MScVet, PhD 139 Bacterial Culture in the Stallion John J. Dascanio 140 Evaluation of pH and Osmolarity of Semen Patrick M. McCue 141 Alkaline Phosphatase: A Marker for Ejaculation Patrick M. McCue 142 Diagnosis and Management of Urospermia John J. Dascanio 143 Hemospermia Patrick M. McCue 144 Semen Extenders and Sperm Media Patrick M. McCue 145 Preparation of Semen for Cooled Transport Etta A. Bradecamp 146 Packing Semen for Cooled Transport Etta A. Bradecamp 147 Longevity Testing of Sperm John J. Dascanio 148 Calculation of g Force for Centrifuging Semen John J. Dascanio 149 Centrifugation of Semen: Standard Technique Etta A. Bradecamp 150 Centrifugation of Semen: Cushion Technique Etta A. Bradecamp 151 Centrifugation of Semen: Selection of Motile Sperm Using a Single Layer Colloid Technique Etta A. Bradecamp 152 Use of a Sperm Filter Marco A. Alvarenga, Lorenzo G. T. M. Segabinazzi 153 Semen Freezing Patrick M. McCue 154 Refreezing Stallion Semen Patrick M. McCue 155 Thawing Frozen Semen John J. Dascanio 156 Semen Processing for ICSI Patrick M. McCue 157 Preparing a Vapor Shipper Julie T. Cecere and Paul Loomis 158 Loading a Vapor Shipper Julie T. Cecere and Paul Loomis 159 Maintaining a Long-Term Frozen Semen Storage Tank John J. Dascanio 160 International Transport of Frozen Semen Paul Loomis 161 Harvesting and Shipping Testes John J. Dascanio 162 Epididymal Sperm Recovery John J. Dascanio and Lynda M.J. Miller 163 Endoscopic Examination of the Urethra Patrick M. McCue 164 Endoscopic Guided Cannulation of the Seminal Vesicles Patrick M. McCue 165 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Testis, Epididymis, and Spermatic Cord Sofie Sitters 166 Palpation and Ultrasonography of the Accessory Sex Glands Sofie Sitters 167 Radiographic Examination of the Penis Patrick M. McCue 168 Testicular Biopsy and Aspiration John J. Dascanio 169 Assessment of Sperm Plasma Membrane Integrity and Viability: Propidium Iodide/SYBR-14 Amanda I. Glazar and Patrick M. McCue 170 Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay Charles Love 171 Hypo-Osmotic Swelling Test Patrick M. McCue 172 Assessment of Sperm Acrosomal Status: FITC PNA Amanda I. Glazar and Patrick M. McCue 173 Assessment of Sperm Mitochondrial Function: JC-1 and Rhodamine 123 Amanda I. Glazar and Patrick M. McCue 174 Equine Viral Arteritis Testing G. Reed Holyoak and Udeni B. R. Balasuriya 175 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Baseline Hormone Levels Patrick M. McCue 176 Diagnostic Endocrinology: GnRH Stimulation Tests Patrick M. McCue 177 Diagnostic Endocrinology: hCG Stimulation Test Patrick M. McCue 178 Diagnostic Endocrinology: Estrogen Conjugate Assay Patrick M. McCue 179 Diagnostic Tests for Cryptorchidism Patrick M. McCue 180 Probang Apparatus Julie T. Cecere 181 Support Apparatus for Paraphimosis John J. Dascanio 182 Equine Castration Techniques Stacy Anderson 183 Stallion Acupuncture Rhonda A Rathgeber 184 Birth Resuscitation Patrick M. McCue 185 Foal Handling and Restraint Undine Christmann 186 Madigan Foal Squeeze Technique John Madigan 187 Evaluation of Passive Transfer Patrick M. McCue 188 Colostral Administration via Naso-Gastric Intubation John J. Dascanio 189 Sedation of the foal Undine Christmann 190 Intravenous Catheter Placement in the Foal Undine Christmann 191 Plasma Therapy in the Foal Undine Christmann 192 Acupuncture in the Neonate Peter Morresey 193 Routine Care Patrick M. McCue 194 Foal Rejection Patrick M. McCue 195 Fostering a Foal onto a Nurse Mare Peter F Daels and Pouya Dini 196 Entropion John J. Dascanio 197 Umbilical Ultrasound in the Foal Undine Christmann 198 Management of Soft Tissue Laxity in Foals Stacy Anderson 199 Management of Angular Limb Deformities Stacy Anderson 200 Management of Congenital Flexural Limb Deformities Stacy Anderson